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BIKIN SENDIRI SWR METER

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BIKIN SENDIRI SWR METER





Minggu, 31 Januari 2010


BIKINsendiriSWRmeter


Langkah awal yang saya lakukan adalah melakukan searching ke NET untuk mencari referensi rangkaian SWR lain yang mudah dibuat dan dapat masuk dalam box SWR tersebut. Akhirnya saya pilih rangkaian berikut (lihat skema). Rangkain tersebut menggunakan “directional coupler” yang sangat konvensional yaitu menggunakan kabel coax yang berimpedansi 50 Ohm, bisa menggunakan RG-58 atau RG-8, perbedaanya RG-8 bisa menghandle daya yang lebih besar dibanding RG-58. Saya menggunakan RG-8, sepanjang 12-an cm.

Untuk rangkaian pencuplik sinyal RF (RF sampler), saya memakai diode germanium (lupa tipenya, namun semua tipe diode bisa digunakan, bedanya sensitivitas pengukuran saja), namun harus dipilih 2 diode yang hampir identik caranya, begini:

* Cari 2 buah diode yang sama persis tipenya, misal 1N60, 1N4148,dll
* Dengan menggunakan multimeter, pilih pengukuran diode, cari 2 diode dengan impedansi majunya (forward resistif) hampir sama.
Sebagai penyeimbang jembatan SWR, saya menggunakan resistor trimpot 100 Ohm (biru kotak) yang saya paralel dengan resistor 50 Ohm, sehingga bisa swing antara 0 - 33 Ohm, pada kondisi seimbang menunjukkan angka sekitar 30-an Ohm. Resistor paralel dengan nilai 50 Ohm tersebut bisa diganti dengan nilai yang lain, ini dilakukan untuk menambah sensitivitas harga resultan resistif. Do “Trial & Error … for this”.

Kita perlu menambahkan sebuah trimpot sebesar 50K secara serial antara R5 dan R7 (sebut saja trimpot ini sebagai reverse adjuster) sebagai kompensasi ketidakidentikan rangkaian sampler yang dibangun oleh diode dan kapasitor di dua sisi, untuk sampling “forward wave” dan “reverse wave”.Cara Kerja Rangkaian

Cara kerja rangkaian ini adalah, pertama melakukan pencuplikan (sampling) terhadap kedua gelombang berdiri araf forward dan reverse. Selain mencuplik, diode tersebut berfungsi juga sebagai penyearah (rectifier), kemudian “shunt” kapasitor menahan laju gelombang tersebut dari AC menjadi DC. Tegangan DC ini menimbulkan arus DC pada kedua titik pengukuran, yang kemudian dibandingkan keduanya ke dalam sebuah DC ampere meter.

Cara Alignment Rangkaian

1. Putar trimpot reverse adjuster ke posisi minimum, artinya tidak ada redaman terhadap arus menuju DC ampere meter reverse.

2. Atur trimpot penyeimbang jembatan pada posisi tengah.

3. Atus posisi potensiometer forward dan reverse pada posisi maksimum.

3. Pasang RF Dummy Load dengan Watt secukupnya, lebih baik watt-nya lebih besar dibanding RF output dari transmitter.

3. Pasang Transmitter dengan power secukupnya untuk membuat jarum forward mendefleksi secara penuh (5 Watt sudah cukup), dengan modulasi AM, FM atau CW.

4. Lakukan adjustment pada potensiometer forward dan reverse sampai jarum forward tepat pada skala maksimumnya.

5. Lakukan adjustment pada trimpot penyeimbang jembatan sampai jarum reverse mencapai titik minimum.

6. Lakukan adjustment pada trimpot reverse adjuster sampai jarum reverse menyentuh skala NOL.

7. Bila perlu ulangi langkah 4 s/d 6, sampai benar-benar OK. Namun hati-hati jangan terlalu lama menyalakan transmitter, dan selalu periksa apakah RF dummy load tidak over-heating.

8. Selamat, anda sudah menyelesaikan penalaan dengan sempurna. Tutup directional coupler dengan box yang telah dibuat.

Cara Menggunakan SWR Meter

1. Atus posisi potensiometer forward dan reverse pada posisi maksimum.

2. Pasang antenna anda pada jack yang disediakan.

3. Pasang Transmitter dengan power secukupnya untuk membuat jarum forward mendefleksi secara penuh (5 Watt sudah cukup), dengan modulasi AM, FM atau CW.

4. Amati defleksi pada jarum reverse. Secara kasar korelasi antara jarum forward dan reverse dengan SWR adalah sebagai berikut:5. SWR meter ini aman digunakan untuk QSO walaupun tetap terpasang pada saluran transmisi, namun ada RF power yang hilang beberapa dB dalam rangkaian directional coupler dan loss connector, namun kita dapat terus mengamati SWR kita sambil QSO.

6. Pastikan SWR < 2, untuk keamanan pesawat anda, daya pancar yang tidak optimum, kemungkinan interferensi, dll.

Okay, mudahkan membuat SWR meter. See U again !

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